Sjögren's syndrome: dry eyes and dry mouth — diagnosis and treatment in Chisinau
Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the glands that produce tears and saliva. The result: dry, irritated eyes, a dry mouth, difficulty swallowing, fatigue and joint pain. With proper follow-up, symptoms improve and complications can be prevented.
Sjögren's syndrome symptoms
The eyes are dry, burn, feel “gritty” and redden easily; the mouth is dry, dry food is hard to swallow and tooth decay develops more easily. Many patients drink water often, including at night.
Besides dryness, the disease causes marked fatigue, joint and muscle pain, swelling of the salivary glands (in front of the ears) and, sometimes, involvement of the lungs, kidneys or nerves.
- a gritty feeling in the eyes, red and irritated eyes
- a dry mouth, needing water to swallow food
- frequent tooth decay
- fatigue, joint pain
Diagnosing Sjögren's syndrome
The rheumatologist uses blood tests (ANA, anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB antibodies, rheumatoid factor, immunoglobulins), tests of tear and saliva production and, if needed, ultrasound of the salivary glands or a minor salivary gland biopsy.
Working with an ophthalmologist and a dentist is important to assess and protect the eyes and teeth.
Sjögren's syndrome treatment
Dryness is treated with artificial tears, night-time gels, saliva substitutes and, in some patients, medicines that stimulate gland secretion. Hydroxychloroquine helps with fatigue and joint pain.
When the disease affects internal organs, immunosuppressive treatments are used. Regular check-ups also monitor the small but real risk of lymphoma.
Everyday tips
A humidifier in the room, glasses that protect against wind, chewing sugar-free gum and drinking water often reduce discomfort. Careful dental hygiene and regular dental check-ups prevent tooth decay.
Avoid medicines that cause even more dryness (some antihistamines and antidepressants) — ask your doctor before taking them.
When to see a rheumatologist
- you have had dry eyes and a dry mouth for more than 3 months
- you get frequent cavities even though you look after your teeth
- the glands in front of your ears swell
- your blood tests show positive ANA or anti-Ro
- you have unexplained fatigue and joint pain
How Laromed Clinic helps
The rheumatologist listens, examines you, reviews the tests you already have and explains in plain words what is happening and what comes next.
- consultation at the clinic in Chisinau or online by video
- joint ultrasound and intra-articular injections
- a written treatment plan and long-term follow-up
- coordination with physiotherapy and other specialties
FAQ: sjögren's syndrome
Is Sjögren's syndrome dangerous?
In most cases it mainly affects the eyes and mouth and is well controlled. Regular check-ups allow rare complications to be detected early.
Are eye drops enough?
They help with dryness but do not treat the autoimmune disease. The rheumatologist assesses whether general treatment is also needed.
Can I get pregnant?
Yes, but the pregnancy should be planned with your rheumatologist, especially if you have anti-Ro antibodies, so that the baby's heart can be monitored.
Medically reviewed: Dr. Larisa Rotaru, rheumatologist, MD PhD. The information on this page is general and does not replace a medical consultation.
